PT Journal AU de la Durantaye, K TI How to Build an Orphanage, and Why SO JIPITEC PY 2011 BP 226 EP 235 VL 2 IS 3 DE Collective Licenses; Copyright; European Union; Limitations on Remedies; Orphan Works AB Currently, lawmakers on both sides of the Atlantic are struggling with the problem of orphan works. In the impact assessment of its proposal for a directive of the European Parliament and of theCouncil on certain permitted uses of orphan works, the Eurpean Commission mentions six possible ways of dealing with the problem. Three of the six (a statutory exception to copyright; extended collective licensing; an orphan-specific license granted by collecting societies) have each had their heyday during the past few years. This article examines how and why these changes in popularity occurred. In addition, it explains why a limitation on remedies would be the most adequate solution for the problem in Europe. ER